{"id":10070,"date":"2026-10-01T13:01:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T13:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/?p=10070"},"modified":"2026-10-01T17:01:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T17:01:47","slug":"trump-uses-adhocracy-to-ensure-loyalty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/trump-uses-adhocracy-to-ensure-loyalty\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump Uses Adhocracy to Ensure Loyalty"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Daniel Butcher<\/a><\/p>\n

Instead of relying on bureaucratic rules and structures, U.S. President Donald Trump empowers fluid, project-based teams made up of people who have professed loyalty to him and quickly respond to his whims and off-the-cuff directives. While this enables pivots and appointees to feel empowered, it also often sows chaos, as contradictory orders trigger confusion, not to mention press coverage.<\/p>\n

According to Academy of Management Scholar Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of the Yale School of Management, who moderated the panel \u201cThe Framers of 1776 vs. The Nation\u2019s Leadership In 2026; Is the Vision Now Vivid or Blurred?<\/a>\u201d at the 2026 AOM Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, in the current administration, everything is centralized through Trump. Sonnenfeld has coauthored the book Trump\u2019s Ten Commandments: Strategic Lessons from the Trump Leadership Toolbox<\/em><\/a> with Steven Tian, also of Yale.<\/p>\n

\u201cTrump likes appointing all these people to ad hoc roles,\u201d Sonnenfeld said. \u201cWarren Bennis, a great friend of mine who used to be a professor at USC but sadly passed away, coined the term adhocracy while commenting on the temporary nature of organizations. The futurist, Alvin Toffler, talked about adhocracy back in the \u201970s, and the founder of Airbnb talks about adhocracy or founder mode.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat\u2019s helpful maybe at the time of creation; however, when you\u2019re running a large enterprise or a big branch of government, you don\u2019t have the skill and the expertise needed\u2014so Trump doesn\u2019t get that expertise,\u201d he said. \u201cHe has people in key roles who are loyal just back to him, so they\u2019re never going to challenge him based on filial piety or fealty, as they would have said back in medieval times.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sometimes Trump changes his mind about an order that he issued previously, and he has famously fallen out with many people who served in his administration. There is a parallel to his embrace of chaotic adhocracy in the unpredictable ways that he uses threats as he negotiates with leaders of other countries.<\/p>\n

\u201cHis negotiating style isn\u2019t to build trust, but rather it\u2019s to draw blood, so he smacks you in the nose with a log, and then everything else is going to look reasonable,\u201d Sonnenfeld said. \u201cThreaten 160% tariffs, up from 12%, against China, and then he winds up with 37%, but China was only at 5% tariffs against us, and now it\u2019s up at 32% or 33%. What did you get from all that? Or saying you\u2019re going to bomb Iran to get rid of three millennia of Persian culture is not really advancing the cause, but he thinks it does.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Daniel Butcher Instead of relying on bureaucratic rules and structures, U.S. President Donald Trump empowers fluid, project-based teams made up of people who have professed loyalty to him and quickly respond to his whims and off-the-cuff directives. While this enables pivots and appointees to feel empowered, it also often sows chaos, as contradictory orders […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9960,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[27,71,19,78],"tags":[],"sp_smart_badges":[],"ppma_author":[70],"class_list":["post-10070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-suite","category-communicating","category-leadership","category-policy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTrump Uses Adhocracy to Ensure Loyalty - Academy of Management Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of relying on bureaucratic rules and structures, U.S. President Donald Trump empowers fluid, project-based teams made up of people who have professed loyalty to him and quickly respond to his whims and off-the-cuff directives. 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Previously, he was a writer and the Finance Editor for Strategic Finance magazine and Management Accounting Quarterly, a scholarly journal, at the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Prior to that, he worked as a writer\/editor at The Financial Times, including daily FT sister publications Ignites and FundFire, as well as Crain Communications\u2019s InvestmentNews and Crain\u2019s Wealth, eFinancialCareers, and Arizent\u2019s Financial Planning, Re:Invent|Wealth, On Wall Street, Bank Investment Consultant, and Money Management Executive. He earned his bachelor\u2019s degree, Cum Laude, from the University of Colorado Boulder and his master\u2019s degree from New York University. You can reach him at dbutcher@aom.org or via LinkedIn.","sameAs":["https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/danielbutcher"],"url":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":70,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"daniel-butcher","display_name":"Daniel Butcher","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DanButcher_Academy-of-Management.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DanButcher_Academy-of-Management.webp"},"author_category":"1","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Butcher","user_url":"https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com","job_title":"Managing Editor, AOM Today, Academy of Management","description":"Daniel Butcher is a writer and the Managing Editor of AOM Today at the Academy of Management (AOM). Previously, he was a writer and the Finance Editor for <i>Strategic Finance<\/i> magazine and <i>Management Accounting Quarterly<\/i>, a scholarly journal, at the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Prior to that, he worked as a writer\/editor at <i>The Financial Times,<\/i> including daily FT sister publications <i>Ignites<\/i> and <i>FundFire<\/i>, as well as Crain Communications\u2019s <i>InvestmentNews<\/i> and <i>Crain\u2019s Wealth<\/i>, eFinancialCareers, and Arizent\u2019s <i>Financial Planning, Re:Invent|Wealth, On Wall Street, Bank Investment Consultant<\/i>, and <i>Money Management Executive<\/i>. He earned his bachelor\u2019s degree, Cum Laude, from the University of Colorado Boulder and his master\u2019s degree from New York University. You can reach him at <a href=\"mailto:dbutcher@aom.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dbutcher@aom.org<\/a> or via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/danielbutcher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a>."}],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-scaled.jpg",2560,1707,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-scaled.jpg",2560,1707,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-scaled.jpg",2560,1707,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-2048x1366.jpg",2048,1366,true],"owl_elementor_thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"owl_elementor_team":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-350x450.jpg",350,450,true],"owl_elementor_testimonial":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/President-Donald-Trump-is-joined-by-Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS-Secretary-Kristi-Noem-Florida-Governor-Ron-DeSantis-Acting-Director-of-Immigration-and-Customs-Enforcement-100x100.jpg",100,100,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Daniel Butcher","author_link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/c-suite\/\" rel=\"category tag\">C-SUITE<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/communicating\/\" rel=\"category tag\">COMMUNICATING<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/leadership\/\" rel=\"category tag\">LEADERSHIP<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/policy\/\" rel=\"category tag\">POLICY<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"By Daniel Butcher Instead of relying on bureaucratic rules and structures, U.S. President Donald Trump empowers fluid, project-based teams made up of people who have professed loyalty to him and quickly respond to his whims and off-the-cuff directives. While this enables pivots and appointees to feel empowered, it also often sows chaos, as contradictory orders…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10070"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10115,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10070\/revisions\/10115"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10070"},{"taxonomy":"sp_smart_badges","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sp_smart_badges?post=10070"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=10070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}