{"id":3726,"date":"2025-07-08T15:56:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T15:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=3726"},"modified":"2025-07-08T15:56:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T15:56:43","slug":"the-evolution-of-corporate-social-responsibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/the-evolution-of-corporate-social-responsibility\/","title":{"rendered":"The Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Butcher<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Academy of Management Scholar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/herman-aguinis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Herman Aguinis<\/a> of the George Washington University School of Business, one of the most influential management professors and researchers, said corporate social responsibility (CSR) is about three Ps\u2014profit, the planet, and people\u2014the \u201ctriple bottom line.\u201d The following is an overview of how CSR has evolved, reflecting changing societal expectations and business practices:<\/p>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3728\" class=\"elementor elementor-3728\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc90556 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc90556\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6037037\" data-id=\"6037037\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e2282f elementor-widget elementor-widget-owl-carousel-elementor\" data-id=\"9e2282f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"owl-carousel-elementor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='js-owce-carousel-container owce-carousel-container  owce-carousel-no-nav-tablet owce-carousel-no-nav-mobile owce-carousel-9e2282f'><div id=\"owce-carousel-9e2282f\" class=\"owl-carousel owl-theme js-owce-carousel owce-carousel owce-carousel-basic owce-carousel-basic-one\" data-options=\"{&quot;field_prefix&quot;:&quot;carousel_&quot;,&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;basic&quot;,&quot;rtl&quot;:false,&quot;items_count&quot;:1,&quot;items_count_tablet&quot;:null,&quot;items_count_mobile&quot;:null,&quot;items_slideby&quot;:1,&quot;items_slideby_tablet&quot;:null,&quot;items_slideby_mobile&quot;:null,&quot;margin&quot;:20,&quot;margin_tablet&quot;:0,&quot;margin_mobile&quot;:0,&quot;nav&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;nav_tablet&quot;:null,&quot;nav_mobile&quot;:null,&quot;dots&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;dots_tablet&quot;:null,&quot;dots_mobile&quot;:null,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_timeout&quot;:10000,&quot;autoplay_hover_pause&quot;:false,&quot;animate_in&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;animate_out&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;rewind&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop_tablet&quot;:null,&quot;loop_mobile&quot;:null,&quot;smart_speed&quot;:500,&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;auto_height&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;mouse_drag&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;touch_drag&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">            \t\t\t<div class=\"item carousel-item-4e0867e \">\n                <div class=\"owl-thumb\">\n    <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rich-man-gives-to-poor-man2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3733\" alt=\"Homeless man handed money\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rich-man-gives-to-poor-man2.webp 1000w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rich-man-gives-to-poor-man2-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rich-man-gives-to-poor-man2-768x426.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rich-man-gives-to-poor-man2-600x333.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"owl-content\" data-setting=\"item_content\"><p style=\"font-size:14px\">Source: Shutterstock<\/p>\n<h3>1. Robber barons whitewash their image with philanthropy: <\/h3>In the 1800s and early 1900s, ultra-wealthy industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller engaged in charitable activities. The idea of businesses having responsibilities beyond profit maximization was out of favor among the politicians and business leaders of the day, but began to spread among academics and social critics.<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \t\t\t<div class=\"item carousel-item-5925751 \">\n                <div class=\"owl-thumb\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/crs-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3734\" alt=\"Laptop shows slide on corporate social responsibility\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/crs-2.webp 1000w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/crs-2-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/crs-2-768x426.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/crs-2-600x333.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"owl-content\" data-setting=\"item_content\"><p style=\"font-size:14px\">Source: Shutterstock<\/p>\n<h3>2. Businesspeople have social responsibilities: <\/h3>In 1953, economist Howard R. Bowen wrote Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, recommending that companies should focus on business ethics, contribute positively to their community, and do good things for society, not just make money. Urging business leaders to consider stakeholders other than shareholders and look at outcomes beyond profits was out of step with the post-World War II era, but that concept gained influence in the following decades. <\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \t\t\t<div class=\"item carousel-item-2b63dc7 \">\n                <div class=\"owl-thumb\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-clouds2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3735\" alt=\"Cloud shaped like the letters CSR\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-clouds2.webp 1000w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-clouds2-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-clouds2-768x426.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-clouds2-600x333.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"owl-content\" data-setting=\"item_content\"><p style=\"font-size:14px\">Source: Shutterstock<\/p>\n<h3>3. Strategic CSR and stakeholder theory: <\/h3>In the wake of the publication ofR. Edward Freeman\u2019s 1984 book,Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, thathighlights the interconnected relationships among a business and its customers, suppliers, employees, investors, communities, and other stakeholders, and the U.N.\u2019s 1987 report,Our Common Future, CSR started to become integrated into more companies\u2019 strategic-planning processes in the 1990s. As the turn of the millennium approached, more businesses recognized that socially responsible practices could enhance reputation and boost profitability. <\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \t\t\t<div class=\"item carousel-item-72d7860 \">\n                <div class=\"owl-thumb\">\n    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-target.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3740\" alt=\"Cloud shaped like the letters CSR with a target on it\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-target.webp 1000w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-target-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-target-768x426.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/csr-target-600x333.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"owl-content\" data-setting=\"item_content\"><p style=\"font-size:14px\">Source: Shutterstock<\/p>\n<h3>4. Globalization and standards: <\/h3>As globalization accelerated in the 2000s and 2010s, businesses faced increasing pressure to adopt CSR practices to improve their environmental effects, pay and treatment of workers, and ethical governance. Frameworks such as the U.N. Global Compact (introduced in 2000) and the International Organization for Standardization\u2019s ISO 26000 standard (released in 2010) provided guidelines for sustainable and socially responsible policies. In addition, corporate transparency and reporting gained traction as more companies began publishing annual sustainability and CSR reports.<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \t\t\t<div class=\"item carousel-item-3aea14c \">\n                <div class=\"owl-thumb\">\n    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/sustainable-city-horiz.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3736\" alt=\"City with solar panels and wind turbines\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/sustainable-city-horiz.webp 1000w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/sustainable-city-horiz-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/sustainable-city-horiz-768x426.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/sustainable-city-horiz-600x333.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"owl-content\" data-setting=\"item_content\"><p style=\"font-size:14px\">Source: Shutterstock<\/p>\n<h3>5. Integration of CSR and ESG: <\/h3>CSR has increasingly become intertwined with sustainable business management, emphasizing the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. More investors, consumers, and regulators are demanding greater accountability in charting progress toward achieving CSR objectives and quantifying the effects of organizations\u2019 operations on climate change, social justice, and sustainable development.<\/p>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Daniel Butcher Academy of Management Scholar Herman Aguinis of the George Washington University School of Business, one of the most influential management professors and researchers, said corporate social responsibility (CSR) is about three Ps\u2014profit, the planet, and people\u2014the \u201ctriple bottom line.\u201d The following is an overview of how CSR has evolved, reflecting changing societal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,26,19,78],"tags":[],"sp_smart_badges":[],"ppma_author":[70],"class_list":["post-3726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-suite","category-corporate-social-responsibility","category-leadership","category-policy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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Previously, he was a writer and the Finance Editor for Strategic Finance magazine and Management Accounting Quarterly, a scholarly journal, at the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Prior to that, he worked as a writer\/editor at The Financial Times, including daily FT sister publications Ignites and FundFire, as well as Crain Communications\u2019s InvestmentNews and Crain\u2019s Wealth, eFinancialCareers, and Arizent\u2019s Financial Planning, Re:Invent|Wealth, On Wall Street, Bank Investment Consultant, and Money Management Executive. He earned his bachelor\u2019s degree, Cum Laude, from the University of Colorado Boulder and his master\u2019s degree from New York University. You can reach him at dbutcher@aom.org or via LinkedIn.","sameAs":["https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/danielbutcher\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":70,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"daniel-butcher","display_name":"Daniel Butcher","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DanButcher_Academy-of-Management.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DanButcher_Academy-of-Management.webp"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-scaled.jpg",2560,1707,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-scaled.jpg",2560,1707,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-scaled.jpg",2560,1707,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-2048x1365.jpg",2048,1365,true],"owl_elementor_thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"owl_elementor_team":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-350x450.jpg",350,450,true],"owl_elementor_testimonial":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CSR-coins-green-earth-globe_shutterstock_2505760787-100x100.jpg",100,100,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Daniel Butcher","author_link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/"},"rttpg_comment":1,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/c-suite\/\" rel=\"category tag\">C-SUITE<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/corporate-social-responsibility\/\" rel=\"category tag\">CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/leadership\/\" rel=\"category tag\">LEADERSHIP<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/policy\/\" rel=\"category tag\">POLICY<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"By Daniel Butcher Academy of Management Scholar Herman Aguinis of the George Washington University School of Business, one of the most influential management professors and researchers, said corporate social responsibility (CSR) is about three Ps\u2014profit, the planet, and people\u2014the \u201ctriple bottom line.\u201d The following is an overview of how CSR has evolved, reflecting changing societal&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3726"},{"taxonomy":"sp_smart_badges","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sp_smart_badges?post=3726"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}