{"id":3979,"date":"2025-05-07T19:14:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T19:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com\/?p=3979"},"modified":"2025-07-09T15:40:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T15:40:26","slug":"being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\/","title":{"rendered":"Being Realistic Is Key to Being Optimistic"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Daniel Butcher<\/a><\/p>\n

Getting your hopes up that a work conversation or meeting will go really well, before it actually goes poorly, can be disappointing. But there\u2019s a reason why self-help gurus tell their disciples to focus on positive visualization: Focusing on negative potential outcomes can be a self-fulfilling prophecy.<\/p>\n

Academy of Management Scholar Kris Byron<\/a> of Georgia State University said that imagined interactions set the bar for any actual interaction. She and coauthor Beth Schinoff of the University of Delaware outlined three likely outcomes of an actual interaction depending on the realism of the imagined interaction in an Academy of Management Review<\/em> article<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Confirming expectations
\n\u2022 A positive expectancy violation (it goes better than expected)
\n\u2022 A negative expectancy violation (it goes worse than expected)<\/p>\n

\u201cThe big thing is following through on imagined interactions to have actual interactions\u2014the downside would be if you just came up with one single way that this might go down, and then it turns out really different, and you\u2019re blindsided, because you\u2019re completely unprepared,\u201d Byron said. \u201cFor example, let\u2019s say that you imagined, \u2018Oh my gosh, they\u2019re all going to put me on their backs and celebrate and shout, \u2018This is the best thing we\u2019ve ever heard of!\u2019 and then, in fact, it\u2019s nothing like that at all\u2014they say, \u2018This is the stupidest thing I\u2019ve ever heard.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou\u2019re not only going to be unprepared; you’d have a hard time dealing with your emotional response to that to really be effective,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd so that would be the downside. This is a theme: Being overconfident does not serve people well ever, really.\u201d<\/p>\n

Negative visualization<\/strong><\/p>\n

Imagined interactions can focus on:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Influencing people to avoid negative results
\n\u2022 Preventing conflict with a difficult colleague
\n\u2022 Releasing negative emotions to avert an angry outburst
\n\u2022 Avoiding an embarrassing social blunder.<\/p>\n

But negative imagined interactions can block taking action.<\/p>\n

\u201cA possibility is that if you\u2019re very negative, if you think of the worst all the time, you might not engage in an actual interaction\u2014you might avoid conversation,\u201d Byron said. \u201cOne of the examples we found in the literature was a person who wanted to go part-time at work before retiring\u2014he wanted a phaseout easing back on his work schedule as he approached retirement, but he never asked, because he imagined how this conversation would go down, and it did not turn out favorably for him in his mind, so he never asked.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat\u2019s a problem\u2014if you\u2019re expecting the worst and that prevents you from taking an action, then that is not a good outcome either,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s really important to make sure that you\u2019re thinking through the possibilities. But don\u2019t let yourself get convinced that this is the only way, that this is the only possible outcome.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Daniel Butcher Getting your hopes up that a work conversation or meeting will go really well, before it actually goes poorly, can be disappointing. But there\u2019s a reason why self-help gurus tell their disciples to focus on positive visualization: Focusing on negative potential outcomes can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Academy of Management Scholar Kris […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,71,29,46],"tags":[],"sp_smart_badges":[],"ppma_author":[70],"class_list":["post-3979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavior","category-communicating","category-emotions","category-well-being"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBeing Realistic Is Key to Being Optimistic - Academy of Management Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Butcher\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Butcher\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d1297a59039d9ca7bac9d9f0952e508c\"},\"headline\":\"Being Realistic Is Key to Being Optimistic\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-07T19:14:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-09T15:40:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":483,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/past-present-future-and-clock-hands1.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"BEHAVIOR\",\"COMMUNICATING\",\"EMOTIONS\",\"WELL-BEING\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/being-realistic-is-key-to-being-optimistic\\\/\",\"name\":\"Being Realistic Is Key to Being Optimistic - 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But there\u2019s a reason why self-help gurus tell their disciples to focus on positive visualization: Focusing on negative potential outcomes can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Academy of Management Scholar Kris…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3979"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3979\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3979"},{"taxonomy":"sp_smart_badges","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sp_smart_badges?post=3979"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}