{"id":8552,"date":"2026-08-13T20:11:25","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T20:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/?p=8552"},"modified":"2026-08-13T20:13:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T20:13:50","slug":"presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\/","title":{"rendered":"Presidents Rely on Charisma, Values, or Pragmatism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Butcher<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Business leaders can achieve success through various approaches and strengths, and the same holds true for politicians\u2014some are charismatic, others are ideological, and others are pragmatic.<\/p>\n<p>Academy of Management Scholar<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/jeffrey-lovelace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Jeffrey Lovelace<\/a> of the University of Virginia Darden School of Business attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and served two tours of duty in Iraq as an intelligence officer before leaving the Army to earn his Ph.D. at Pennsylvania State University. He applies this lens to categorize politicians, including U.S. presidents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Barack Obama was a<strong> charismatic leader<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Joe Biden was a <strong>pragmatic leader.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Donald Trump is an<strong> ideological leader.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201cWe actually tied this categorization of leadership styles to different types of political leaders, since they&amp;#39;re so widely known, and so when you look at individuals like President Obama, you can really see where the charismatic kind of approach worked well for him, through the promotion of the ideas of hope and change,\u201d Lovelace said. \u201cIf you look at somebody like Donald Trump, he\u2019s a more ideologically driven leader who talks to these values and oftentimes uses negative emotions, including warnings about the consequences of straying from those values, to advance his message.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThen you can look at somebody like President Biden, who really presented himself more as a problem solver: \u2018I\u2019m here to fix what\u2019s going on around us,\u2019\u201d he said. \u201cHe doesn\u2019t necessarily have that emotionality that other leaders have and can tie into, but it\u2019s more about, \u2018I can fix the challenges that we were facing,\u2019 and you can see how that led to each of those leaders ascending to power based on a different model of how they presented themselves.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNow, I know a lot of people might argue what their effectiveness was overall, and there\u2019s a lot of politics that get involved in that, but there are three examples of the types of actions they tend to take and the way that these leaders present themselves that probably most people are pretty familiar with.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These categories aren\u2019t cut-and-dried. Some leaders mix and match certain elements of each of these styles, and that may allow them to appeal to a greater percentage of their constituency.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOriginally, it was presented as just these three types, but we\u2019ve been looking into this idea of mixed-model leaders who might demonstrate certain characteristics from each of the three categories and trying to pinpoint what makes them able to switch between some of these areas,\u201d Lovelace said. \u201cWho are the leaders that can do that effectively?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are questions of authenticity if they start switching between those types. And some of the work we\u2019ve done empirically has looked at the idea that leaders have a primary type and a secondary type that they might fall back on,\u201d he said. \u201cWe know from a lot of the leadership work we\u2019ve done that context triggers the way that leaders approach things.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe must never forget that leadership isn\u2019t solely determined by the leader; it emerges from the leader\u2019s interactions with followers and the surrounding context\u2014each of these actors effectively has a say in how the leadership process develops.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A sample of Lovelace\u2019s AOM research findings:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aom.org\/doi\/10.5465\/amj.2020.0435.summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How CEOs Become A-List Stars<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aom.org\/doi\/10.5465\/amr.2016.0064.summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Celebrity CEOs Often Get Typecast into One of Four Roles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aom.org\/doi\/10.5465\/amr.2019.0336.summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Underdog Status Can Motivate Teams to Beat the Odds<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Daniel Butcher Business leaders can achieve success through various approaches and strengths, and the same holds true for politicians\u2014some are charismatic, others are ideological, and others are pragmatic. Academy of Management Scholar Jeffrey Lovelace of the University of Virginia Darden School of Business attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and served two [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8553,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,19,44,78],"tags":[],"sp_smart_badges":[],"ppma_author":[70],"class_list":["post-8552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communicating","category-leadership","category-motivation","category-policy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Presidents Rely on Charisma, Values, or Pragmatism - Academy of Management Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Business leaders can achieve success through various approaches and strengths, and the same holds true for politicians\u2014some are charismatic, others are ideological, and others are pragmatic.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Butcher\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Butcher\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d1297a59039d9ca7bac9d9f0952e508c\"},\"headline\":\"Presidents Rely on Charisma, Values, or Pragmatism\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-13T20:11:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-13T20:13:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":578,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/ings10.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"COMMUNICATING\",\"LEADERSHIP\",\"MOTIVATION\",\"POLICY\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/\",\"name\":\"Presidents Rely on Charisma, Values, or Pragmatism - Academy of Management Today\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/ings10.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-13T20:11:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-13T20:13:50+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d1297a59039d9ca7bac9d9f0952e508c\"},\"description\":\"Business leaders can achieve success through various approaches and strengths, and the same holds true for politicians\u2014some are charismatic, others are ideological, and others are pragmatic.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/presidents-rely-on-charisma-values-or-pragmatism\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/ings10.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aom.org\\\/today\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/ings10.webp\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":667,\"caption\":\"Former U.S. President Barack Obama is a charismatic leader, while former U.S. President Joe Biden is a pragmatic leader. 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Previously, he was a writer and the Finance Editor for Strategic Finance magazine and Management Accounting Quarterly, a scholarly journal, at the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Prior to that, he worked as a writer\/editor at The Financial Times, including daily FT sister publications Ignites and FundFire, as well as Crain Communications\u2019s InvestmentNews and Crain\u2019s Wealth, eFinancialCareers, and Arizent\u2019s Financial Planning, Re:Invent|Wealth, On Wall Street, Bank Investment Consultant, and Money Management Executive. He earned his bachelor\u2019s degree, Cum Laude, from the University of Colorado Boulder and his master\u2019s degree from New York University. You can reach him at dbutcher@aom.org or via LinkedIn.","sameAs":["https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/danielbutcher"],"url":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":70,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"daniel-butcher","display_name":"Daniel Butcher","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DanButcher_Academy-of-Management.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/DanButcher_Academy-of-Management.webp"},"author_category":"1","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Butcher","user_url":"https:\/\/aomtodayprod.wpenginepowered.com","job_title":"Managing Editor, AOM Today, Academy of Management","description":"Daniel Butcher is a writer and the Managing Editor of AOM Today at the Academy of Management (AOM). Previously, he was a writer and the Finance Editor for <i>Strategic Finance<\/i> magazine and <i>Management Accounting Quarterly<\/i>, a scholarly journal, at the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Prior to that, he worked as a writer\/editor at <i>The Financial Times,<\/i> including daily FT sister publications <i>Ignites<\/i> and <i>FundFire<\/i>, as well as Crain Communications\u2019s <i>InvestmentNews<\/i> and <i>Crain\u2019s Wealth<\/i>, eFinancialCareers, and Arizent\u2019s <i>Financial Planning, Re:Invent|Wealth, On Wall Street, Bank Investment Consultant<\/i>, and <i>Money Management Executive<\/i>. He earned his bachelor\u2019s degree, Cum Laude, from the University of Colorado Boulder and his master\u2019s degree from New York University. You can reach him at <a href=\"mailto:dbutcher@aom.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dbutcher@aom.org<\/a> or via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/danielbutcher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a>."}],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10.webp",1000,667,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10.webp",1000,667,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10.webp",1000,667,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10-300x200.webp",300,200,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10.webp",800,534,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10.webp",1000,667,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10.webp",1000,667,false],"owl_elementor_thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10-600x400.webp",600,400,true],"owl_elementor_team":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10-350x450.webp",350,450,true],"owl_elementor_testimonial":["https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ings10-100x100.webp",100,100,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Daniel Butcher","author_link":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/author\/daniel-butcher\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/communicating\/\" rel=\"category tag\">COMMUNICATING<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/leadership\/\" rel=\"category tag\">LEADERSHIP<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/motivation\/\" rel=\"category tag\">MOTIVATION<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/category\/policy\/\" rel=\"category tag\">POLICY<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"By Daniel Butcher Business leaders can achieve success through various approaches and strengths, and the same holds true for politicians\u2014some are charismatic, others are ideological, and others are pragmatic. Academy of Management Scholar Jeffrey Lovelace of the University of Virginia Darden School of Business attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and served two&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8552"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9330,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8552\/revisions\/9330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8552"},{"taxonomy":"sp_smart_badges","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sp_smart_badges?post=8552"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aom.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=8552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}